FREQUENCY OF AMNORMAL BLOOD PARAMETERS (LEAD,CALCIUM,HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL) IN PEOPLE EXPOSED TO VEHICLE SMOKE

ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of abnormal blood parameters (Lead,Calcium,Haemoglobin level) in people
exposed to vehicle smoke.
Methods: Case control retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry Nowshera Medical
College Nowshera from November 2016 -December 2017. Only male patients from 6-64 years were included in
this study. Two hundred and fifty eight males were randomly selected: employees of Private Transport Service (PTS)
(150), Traffic Police( 36), Shopkeepers alongside roads (36). All these subjects were exposed to vehicle smoke for 8-10
hours daily during duty. Thirty six persons of same age group living away from the roads were included as control in
this study. People taking steroid medicines, drinking water from lead pipes, using surma or living near industries which
influence lead levels were excluded from this study.
Results: Mean blood lead level was 24.06 ug/dl in control persons and 52.20 ug/dl in subjects exposed to vehicle
smoke. In controls the average Hb and Ca level were 14.73 g/dl and 9.38 mg/dl and 13.48 g/dl and 8.8 mg/dl in exposures
respectively. whereas mean Hb-Foetal level in controls was 0.9% and 1.4% in exposed group.
Conclusions: Blood lead levels had no significant association with Hb,Hb-Foetal and Calcium In exposures, employees
of Traffic Police were found to have comparatively higher blood lead level. It was observed that blood lead level was
slightly higher in younger groups
Keywords: Calcium, Haemoglobin, Hb-Foetal, Lead, Cyanmethaemoglobin