ABO AND RHESUS BLOOD GROUP PREVALENCE IN DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To determine ABO and Rhesus blood group prevalence in the population of Peshawar who sought services in the hematology laboratory of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan.

METHODOLOGY: The cross-sectional study, was conducted from August 10 to December 25, 2023, at HMC in Peshawar after ethical board approval. A total of 5342 participants were determined using convenient sampling. Participants of both genders over four months were included, excluding those under four months and unwilling. Informed consent was obtained, and demographic data were collected via a dedicated questionnaire. Blood samples, collected aseptically, underwent blood group determination using the Forward and Reverse tube method, with data analysis conducted using SPSS V26

RESULTS: Out of a total of 5342, the most common ABO was B at 37.01% (1974), then O at 27% (1462), A at 26% (1410), and AB at 10% (496). The majority, 94% (2512), had Rh-positive blood types, with 6% (314) being Rh-negative. Among males, the most common ABO blood group was B at 39.62% (1058), followed by O at 30.13% (804) and A at 22.09% (590), while AB was the least common at 8.16% (218). In females, B was the most common at 34.28% (916), followed by A at 30.68% (820), O at 24.62% (658), and AB at 10.42% (278).

CONCLUSION: The study found B as the most common ABO blood group, AB the least, consistent across genders. Rh-positive types were 94%, with females having a higher Rh-negative prevalence. B+ve was common among Rh+ve, and A-ve among Rh-ve individuals.